如果一個結不能分解為連通和,除非其中一個因子是平凡結,則稱該結為素數結 (Livingston 1993, pp. 5 and 78)。不是素數結的結稱為合成結。通常可以將兩個素數結組合成兩個不同的合成結,具體取決於兩者的定向。Schubert (1949) 證明了每個結都可以唯一分解(直到分解執行的順序)為素數結的結和。
一般來說,確定給定的結是素數結還是合成結並非易事 (Hoste et al. 1998)。然而,對於交錯結,Menasco (1984) 證明了既約交錯圖表示一個素數結當且僅當該圖本身是素圖(“交錯結是素數結當且僅當它看起來是素圖”;Hoste et al. 1998)。
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