存在無限多個奇數 整數 使得對於每個
,
都是合數。具有此屬性的數
稱為 Riesel 數,而將減號替換為加號的類似數稱為第二類 Sierpiński 數。
已知的最小 Riesel 數是 ,但截至 2014 年 1 月,仍有 52 個較小的候選數,對於所有已檢查的
,它們僅生成合數 (Ribenboim 1996, p. 358; Ballinger and Keller; Keller):2293, 9221, 23669, 31859, 38473, 46663, 67117, 74699, 81041, 93839, 97139, 107347, 121889, 129007, 143047, 146561, 161669, 192971, 206039, 206231, 215443, 226153, 234343, 245561, 250027, 273809, 315929, 319511, 324011, 325123, 327671, 336839, 342847, 344759, 362609, 363343, 364903, 365159, 368411, 371893, 384539, 386801, 397027, 402539, 409753, 444637, 470173, 474491, 477583, 485557, 494743, 和 502573。
證明或反駁 是最小 Riesel 數的問題有時被稱為 Riesel 問題或 Riesel 猜想。
設 為使得
為素數的最小
,則前幾個值為 2, 0, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 4, 3, 1, 4, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 7, ... (OEIS A046069),第二小
為 3, 1, 4, 5, 3, 26, 7, 2, 4, 3, 2, 6, 9, 2, 16, 5, 3, 6, 2553, ... (OEIS A046070)。
迄今為止發現的 形式的素數,提供了對較小 Riesel 數存在性的反駁,總結在下表中 (Keller)。
| 發現者 | 日期 | ||
| 659 | 800516 | Dave Linton | 01 Mar 2004 |
| 26773 | 2465343 | Anonymous & RSP | 01 Dec 2006 |
| 27253 | 272347 | Ray Ballinger | 10 Oct 1998 |
| 39269 | 287048 | Richard Heylen | 25 Mar 2002 |
| 40597 | 6808509 | Frank Meador | 25 Dec 2013 |
| 42779 | 322908 | Ray Ballinger | 26 Jul 1999 |
| 43541 | 507098 | Ray Ballinger | 01 Oct 2000 |
| 46271 | 428210 | Patrick Pirson | 29 Apr 2001 |
| 65531 | 3629342 | Adrian Schori & PrimeGrid | 05 Apr 2011 |
| 71009 | 1185112 | Drew Bishop & RSP | 05 Dec 2004 |
| 89707 | 578313 | Richard Heylen | 02 Apr 2003 |
| 93997 | 864401 | Guido Stolz & RSP | 01 Apr 2004 |
| 98939 | 575144 | Olivier Haeberlé | 30 Nov 2001 |
| 103259 | 615076 | Olivier Haeberlé | 23 Dec 2002 |
| 104917 | 340181 | Janusz Szmidt | 13 Nov 1999 |
| 109897 | 630221 | Olivier Haeberlé | 22 Apr 2003 |
| 110413 | 1591999 | Will Fisher & RSP | 08 Jun 2005 |
| 113983 | 3201175 | Ian Keogh & RSP | 01 May 2008 |
| 114487 | 2198389 | Bruce White & RSP | 23 May 2006 |
| 123547 | 3804809 | Jakub Łuszczek & PrimeGrid | 08 May 2011 |
| 126667 | 626497 | Ray Ballinger | 09 Jun 2003 |
| 130139 | 280296 | Dale Andrews | 02 Feb 2002 |
| 141941 | 4299438 | Scott Brown & PrimeGrid | 26 May 2011 |
| 144643 | 498079 | Richard Heylen | 12 Dec 2000 |
| 148901 | 360338 | Mark Rodenkirch | 05 Mar 2002 |
| 149797 | 1414137 | Peter van Hoof & RSP | 13 Mar 2005 |
| 150847 | 1076441 | Darren Wallace & RSP | 15 Aug 2004 |
| 152713 | 1154707 | Ray Ballinger | 23 Oct 2004 |
| 159371 | 284166 | Janusz Szmidt | 14 Jan 2002 |
| 170591 | 866870 | Drew Bishop & RSP | 15 Apr 2004 |
| 189463 | 324103 | Dave Linton | 15 Jul 2000 |
| 191249 | 3417696 | Jonathan Pritchard & PrimeGrid | 21 Nov 2010 |
| 192089 | 1395688 | Guido Stolz & RSP | 10 May 2004 |
| 196597 | 2178109 | Auritania Du & RSP | 09 May 2006 |
| 201193 | 457615 | Daval Davis | 03 Feb 2003 |
| 204223 | 696891 | Olivier Haeberlé | 23 Mar 2003 |
| 212893 | 730387 | Olivier Haeberlé | 15 Oct 2003 |
| 215503 | 649891 | Olivier Haeberlé | 28 Apr 2003 |
| 220033 | 719731 | Olivier Haeberlé | 19 Apr 2004 |
| 220063 | 306335 | Olivier Haeberlé | 03 Sep 1999 |
| 222997 | 613153 | Olivier Haeberlé | 28 Nov 2001 |
| 234847 | 1535589 | Darren Wallace & RSP | 09 May 2005 |
| 235601 | 295338 | Helmut Zeisel | 06 Mar 2003 |
| 245051 | 285750 | Tom Kuechler | 15 Nov 2000 |
| 246299 | 752600 | Kevin O'Hare & RSP | 23 Jan 2004 |
| 252191 | 5497878 | Jan Haller & PrimeGrid | 23 Jun 2012 |
| 261221 | 689422 | Sean Faith & RSP | 22 Dec 2003 |
| 267763 | 264115 | Dave Linton | 19 Feb 2000 |
| 275293 | 2335007 | Japke Rosink & RSP | 21 Sep 2006 |
| 277153 | 429819 | Jeff Wolfe | 21 Nov 2002 |
| 279703 | 616235 | Dhumil Zaveri & RSP | 07 Jan 2004 |
| 299617 | 428917 | Dave Linton | 22 Jul 2002 |
| 304207 | 6643565 | Randy Ready & PrimeGrid | 11 Oct 2013 |
| 309817 | 901173 | Helmut Michel & RSP | 07 Jun 2004 |
| 325627 | 1472117 | Will Fisher & RSP | 05 Apr 2005 |
| 342673 | 2639439 | Dhumil Zaveri & RSP | 28 Apr 2007 |
| 345067 | 1876573 | Dave Linton | 13 Nov 2005 |
| 350107 | 1144101 | Sean Faith & RSP | 24 Oct 2004 |
| 353159 | 4331116 | Jaakko Reinman & PrimeGrid | 31 May 2011 |
| 357491 | 609338 | Lucas Schmid | 17 Jan 2003 |
| 357659 | 1779748 | Drew Bishop & RSP | 25 Sep 2005 |
| 376993 | 293603 | Reto Keiser | 08 Sep 2002 |
| 382691 | 431722 | Ray Ballinger | 27 Feb 2003 |
| 398023 | 6418059 | Vladimir Volynsky & PrimeGrid | 05 Oct 2013 |
| 398533 | 419107 | Dave Linton | 04 Sep 2002 |
| 401143 | 532927 | Olivier Haeberlé | 11 Jun 2003 |
| 401617 | 470149 | Dave Linton | 27 Dec 2002 |
| 412717 | 1084409 | Holger Meissner & RSP | 22 Aug 2004 |
| 415267 | 3771929 | Alexey Tarasov & PrimeGrid | 08 May 2011 |
| 416413 | 424791 | Dave Linton | 28 Apr 2003 |
| 417643 | 1800787 | Greg Childers & RSP | 05 Oct 2004 |
| 428639 | 3506452 | Brett Melvold & PrimeGrid | 14 Jan 2011 |
| 443857 | 369457 | Nuutti Kuosa | 27 Aug 2001 |
| 450457 | 2307905 | Jeff Smith & RSP | 28 Mar 2006 |
| 458743 | 547791 | Olivier Haeberlé | 22 Oct 2003 |
| 460139 | 779536 | Drew Bishop & RSP | 26 Mar 2004 |
| 465869 | 497596 | Lucas Schmid | 27 Jan 2003 |
| 467917 | 1993429 | Steven Wong & RSP | 25 Dec 2005 |
| 469949 | 1649228 | Steven Wong & RSP | 28 Oct 2007 |
| 485767 | 3609357 | Chris Cardall & RSP | 24 Jun 2008 |
| 500621 | 1138518 | Darren Wallace & RSP | 18 Oct 2004 |
| 502541 | 1199930 | Ryan Sefko & RSP | 21 Dec 2004 |
| 504613 | 1136459 | Magnus Mischel & RSP | 17 Oct 2004 |