直角三角形的斜邊是三角形的最長邊,即直角的對邊。這個詞源於希臘語 hypo- (“在...之下”)和 teinein (“拉伸”)。
直角三角形斜邊的長度可以使用勾股定理求得。斜邊、鄰邊和對邊的長度出現在三角函式的定義中,尤其透過它們的助記符 SOHCAHTOA。
在吉爾伯特和沙利文的輕歌劇《彭贊斯的海盜》中,斯坦利少將以其關於斜邊的知識給海盜們留下了深刻印象,在《少將之歌》中唱道:“I am the very model of a modern Major-General, I've information vegetable, animal, and mineral, I know the kings of England, and I quote the fights historical, From Marathon to Waterloo, in order categorical; I'm very well acquainted too with matters mathematical, I understand equations, both the simple and quadratical, About binomial theorem I'm teeming with a lot o' news-- With many cheerful facts about the square of the hypotenuse."