某些植物中葉片的美麗排列，稱為葉序，遵循一些微妙的數學關係。 例如，向日葵花盤中的小花形成兩個方向相反的螺旋：55 個順時針方向和 34 個逆時針方向。 令人驚訝的是，這些數字是連續的 斐波那契數。 間隔 斐波那契數 的比率由收斂值 
給出，其中 
是 黃金比例，據說衡量植物莖上連續葉片之間轉動的分數：榆樹和椴樹為 1/2，山毛櫸和榛樹為 1/3，橡樹和蘋果樹為 2/5，楊樹和玫瑰為 3/8，柳樹和杏樹為 5/13 等。（Coxeter 1969，Ball 和 Coxeter 1987）。 類似的現象也發生在雛菊、菠蘿、松果、花椰菜等等。
百合花、鳶尾花和延齡草有三片花瓣； 耬鬥菜、毛茛花、翠雀花和野玫瑰有五片花瓣； 飛燕草、血根草和波斯菊有八片花瓣； 玉米萬壽菊有 13 片花瓣； 紫菀有 21 片花瓣； 雛菊有 34、55 或 89 片花瓣——全部都是 斐波那契數。
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Daisy,
Fibonacci Number,
Golden Angle,
Spiral
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參考文獻
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Flowers: A Spiral Story." Math. Mag. 75, 163-172, 2002.Livio, M. The Golden Ratio: The Story of Phi, the World's Most Astonishing Number. New York: Broadway Books, 2002.Pappas, T. "The Fibonacci Sequence & Nature." The Joy of Mathematics. San Carlos, CA: Wide World Publ./Tetra, pp. 222-225, 1989.Prusinkiewicz, P. and Lindenmayer, A. The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990.Steinhaus, H. Mathematical Snapshots, 第 3 版 New York: Dover, p. 138, 1999.Stevens, P. S. Patterns in Nature. London: Peregrine, 1977.Stewart, I. "Daisy, Daisy, Give Me Your Answer, Do." Sci. Amer. 200, 96-99, Jan. 1995.Thompson, D. W. On Growth and Form. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1952.Trott, M. Graphica 1: The World of Mathematica Graphics. The Imaginary Made Real: The Images of Michael Trott. Champaign, IL: Wolfram Media, pp. 11 and 83, 1999.Vogel, H. "A Better Way to Construct the Sunflower Head." Math. Biosci. 44, 179-189, 1979.Wells, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, pp. 65-66, 1986.在 中引用
葉序
引用為
Weisstein, Eric W. “葉序。” 來自 —— 資源。 https://mathworld.tw/Phyllotaxis.html
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